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颈动脉内膜切除术

ID: ANH00028chis
医疗动画文字记录:如果你的颈动脉变窄或被斑块堵塞,医生可能会建议你做颈动脉内膜切除术。颈部有两条主要的血管,叫做颈动脉,它们将富含氧气的血液从心脏输送到大脑。你可以感觉到颈动脉在颈部一侧的搏动。被称为动脉粥样硬化斑块的脂肪沉积会在颈动脉内积聚。这些斑块会使动脉通道狭窄,干扰血液流向大脑。这种阻塞称为狭窄。如果流向大脑的血液暂时受阻,可能会发生短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)。当血流完全受阻时,例如颈动脉阻塞,就可能发生卒中。在你进行手术之前,先建立静脉通路。颈动脉内膜切除术通常是在全身麻醉下进行的,这将使你在整个过程中处于睡眠状态。在这种情况下,经口腔进行气管插管,以帮助你在手术中呼吸。有时颈动脉内膜切除术是在局部麻醉下完成的。如果使用局部麻醉,你会保持清醒,但颈部会麻木。可能还会给予你一些镇静剂。在颈部的一侧,沿着堵塞的动脉,医生会从耳朵后面到锁骨上方的一点,做一个切口。医生会找到颈动脉,暂时堵住流经颈动脉的血液。然后打开动脉,可能会放置一个分流器或暂时的旁路,以保持血液流向大脑。然后,医生会清除动脉壁内的斑块。在堵塞被清除后,把动脉缝回到一起,通常会放置一个支架来稍微扩大动脉。这种支架可以是你血管的一部分,也可以是人造材料,比如涤纶。最后,医生会用缝合线或缝合钉缝合切口,并用绷带覆盖。伤口处通常会留下临时引流管。手术后,你将被带到恢复区,工作人员将监测你的生命体征和神经状况。根据需要,会给你开止痛药,并逐步从液体饮食过渡到固体饮食。

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