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颅骨切开术和颅骨切除术

ID: ANH13109chis
医疗动画文字记录:医生可能会建议你进行开颅手术来治疗一些不同的脑部疾病、损伤或状况。颅骨是由骨构成的,是大脑坚硬的保护层。在头骨内部,三层被称为脑膜的组织包围着大脑。最外的厚层是硬脑膜。中间组织层是蛛网膜,最内层是软脑膜。在蛛网膜和软脑膜之间是蛛网膜下腔,其中含有血管和一种叫做脑脊液的透明液体。被称为桥静脉的血管连接着大脑表面和硬脑膜。其他血管,被称为大脑动脉,将血液输送到大脑。在颅骨里,正常的大脑功能需要血管中的血液、环绕大脑的脑脊液和脑组织之间压力的微妙平衡。这被称为正常颅内压。颅内压增高可能是由脑肿瘤、头部损伤、血管问题、大脑或脊髓感染引起的。这些情况会给大脑带来压力,可能会导致大脑肿胀或改变颅骨内的形状,从而导致严重的脑损伤。医生可能会建议开颅手术切除异常的脑组织,如脑肿瘤、组织活检的样本、血块,即血肿、过量的脑脊液或感染产生的脓液,即脓肿。开颅手术也可以缓解脑肿胀、止血(尤其是大出血)、修复异常血管;修复颅骨骨折;或者修复受损的脑膜。最后,开颅手术也可以用于治疗癫痫等脑部疾病,向大脑输送药物,或植入深部脑刺激器等医疗器械。开颅手术最常见的原因是切除脑肿瘤。手术前,医生会给你全身麻醉,使你失去知觉,不再感到疼痛。剔除肿瘤所在位置头皮上的皮肤。首先,医生会在头皮上开一个切口。在颅骨上打一个或多个小孔。然后,医生会将这些孔连接起来,形成一块圆形的骨,称为骨瓣,然后将其移除。医生会在硬脑膜上做一个切口,露出大脑。然后切除肿瘤。硬脑膜的切口要用缝合线缝合。医生会用金属板和螺钉将骨瓣重新接上,这些金属板和螺钉将永远留在颅骨里。如果大脑非常肿胀或颅骨受到感染,你可能需要做“颅骨切除术”。医生可能会推迟到在以后的手术中重新连接骨瓣,以留出时间消肿。在开颅手术结束后,用缝合钉缝合头皮切口,用绷带包扎头部。如果你做了颅骨切除术,在肿胀消退之后,你还会做另一个手术叫做颅骨成形术。到时,医生会用金属板和螺钉重新连接你的骨瓣,然后用缝合钉缝合皮肤切口。任何一种手术后,你都要在医院住几天。医生会通过问诊、用灯照射你的眼睛来检查你的大脑功能。可能会给予你药物以防止并发症。

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